How to grow pumpkin
Cucurbita pepo / maxima · Cucurbitaceae · Vegetable
When to plant pumpkins: the short answer
Start seeds indoors about 3 weeks before your last spring frost; plant out about 1 week after it; sow outdoors about 1 week after the last frost. Wait until the soil is at least 60°F; pumpkins sprout fastest near 85°F.
Zone 5: plant out Apr 30 – May 17. Zone 7: plant out Apr 5 – Apr 22. Zone 9: plant out Feb 20 – Mar 9. See every zone.
Pumpkin is a warm-season vegetable in the Cucurbitaceae family, grown either from a direct sowing or from transplants. It wants full sun (six or more hours of direct light) and steady, even moisture. From sowing to first pick is about 90–120 days. It is killed by frost, so nothing goes outside until the danger has passed and the soil has warmed.
Grower’s note: For Halloween pumpkins in the north, count back 100-120 days from 31 Oct and start indoors. Mini varieties can climb a strong trellis.
Sowing
Sow about 1″ deep, into soil between 60–95°F — germination is quickest near 85°F. It comes up fast (5–10 days). For an early crop, start seed indoors about 3 weeks before your last spring frost and grow it under bright light.
Spacing & layout
Give each plant about 48″ along the row with roughly 96″ between rows. On a square-foot grid that is one plant per 4 square feet. Allow at least 18″ of loose, workable soil for the roots. It needs more root room than most containers give and does best in the ground.
Fitting it to your season
Pumpkin needs roughly 90–120 frost-free days to crop. Where the season is shorter than that, start it indoors and choose the earliest-maturing varieties, or grow it in a container you can move under cover on cold nights. In long, hot-summer regions it can often be planted twice — once in spring and again in mid-to-late summer for a fall harvest.
Quick facts
Growth stages: how long pumpkins take to grow
From sowing to first harvest takes roughly 90-120 days (13-17 weeks), with seedlings appearing after 5-10 days in soil around 85°F.
When to plant pumpkin
When to plant pumpkins by USDA zone
Dates worked out from each zone’s typical frost dates for 2026. Find your zone on the zone map, or pick your state below for dates from its own frost dates. Zones 11 and above are frost-free, so timing there depends on heat and rain instead.
| Zone | Last / first frost | Start indoors | Sow or plant out |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zone 3 | May 15 / Sep 15 | Apr 17 – May 1 | May 15 – Jun 1 |
| Zone 4 | May 10 / Sep 25 | Apr 12 – Apr 26 | May 10 – May 27 |
| Zone 5 | Apr 30 / Oct 5 | Apr 2 – Apr 16 | Apr 30 – May 17 |
| Zone 6 | Apr 15 / Oct 15 | Mar 18 – Apr 1 | Apr 15 – May 2 |
| Zone 7 | Apr 5 / Oct 25 | Mar 8 – Mar 22 | Apr 5 – Apr 22 |
| Zone 8 | Mar 20 / Nov 5 | Feb 20 – Mar 6 | Mar 20 – Apr 6 |
| Zone 9 | Feb 20 / Nov 30 | Jan 23 – Feb 6 | Feb 20 – Mar 9 |
| Zone 10 | Jan 30 / Dec 15 | Jan 2 – Jan 16 | Jan 30 – Feb 16 |
Or browse pumpkin planting dates for every state as static pages.
Companions
Sweet Corn, Pole Bean, Bush Bean, Radish
Potato
Common problems
Pests: squash vine borer, squash bug, striped cucumber beetle.
Diseases & disorders: powdery mildew, bacterial wilt.
Same family (Cucurbitaceae)
Rotate these so they don’t follow each other in the same bed year to year.
Questions gardeners ask
When should I plant pumpkins?
Start seeds indoors about 3 weeks before your last spring frost; plant out about 1 week after it; sow outdoors about 1 week after the last frost. Wait until the soil is at least 60°F. The table on this page gives dates for each USDA zone, and the planting calendar gives dates for your own state or ZIP code.
How long do pumpkins take to grow?
About 90-120 days from sowing to the first harvest. Seeds germinate in 5-10 days, fastest in soil around 85°F.
How much sun do pumpkins need?
They need at least six to eight hours of direct sun a day.
What soil pH do pumpkins need?
A soil pH between 5.5 and 7.5. It tolerates fairly acidic soil better than most vegetables. Test before adding lime or sulfur - see the soil pH and testing guide.
How far apart should I plant pumpkins?
Space plants about 48 inches apart in rows 96 inches apart, or one plant per 4 square feet in a square-foot bed. Sow seeds about 1 inch deep.
Can I grow pumpkins in a container?
It is not well suited to containers - it needs more root room and space than a pot gives, so grow it in a bed.
Figures are typical home-garden ranges from Cooperative Extension planting guides, cross-checked against multiple state sources. Your variety and conditions will vary.