When to plant onions in Vermont
Vermont’s average last spring frost is May 14, and the first fall frost typically arrives around September 25 — about 134 frost-free days (USDA zones 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b). Onion needs 90–120 days to mature, which fits comfortably within Vermont's growing season.
When to plant onions in Vermont: the short answer
For a spring planting, plant out Apr 16 – May 3, with seeds started indoors Feb 26 – Mar 12. Seeds germinate in soil from 40 to 90°F.
Windows are ~1–2 week bands around each date. Frost dates are a statewide average from NOAA/NCEI normals; your town may differ by two weeks or more. Calendar year 2026.
How to grow onions in Vermont, step by step
- Start seeds indoors (Feb 26 – Mar 12). Sow seeds ½ inch deep in seed-starting mix under bright light. They take 7-14 days to sprout, fastest in soil around 70°F. Harden seedlings off for a week before they go outside.
- Prepare the bed. They need at least six to eight hours of direct sun a day and loose soil at least 12 inches deep, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Dig in compost before planting.
- Plant out (Apr 16 – May 3). Space plants about 4 inches apart in rows 12 inches apart. It handles frost well, so it can go out before the last frost date. As a cool-season crop it does best before summer heat arrives in Vermont.
- Water and feed. Give it steady, even moisture, about an inch of water a week from rain or the hose.
- Watch for pests and problems. Pests: onion maggot, onion thrips. Diseases and disorders: downy mildew, white rot, neck rot, purple blotch.
- Harvest (from about Jul 22 – Aug 21). Onion takes 90-120 days to reach harvest. Match the day-length type to your latitude: long-day onions for the north, short-day for the south, day-neutral anywhere. Bulbing is triggered by day length, not calendar date.
Figures come from our crop data; dates use Vermont’s average frost dates. More in the full onion growing guide.
Onion planting dates by USDA zone in Vermont
Vermont spans USDA zones 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average, so the onion dates shift with them.
When to plant onions in nearby states
| State | Last frost | Plant out |
|---|---|---|
| Vermont (this page) | May 14 | Apr 16 – May 3 |
| Maine | May 14 | Apr 16 – May 3 |
| New Hampshire | May 13 | Apr 15 – May 2 |
| Massachusetts | April 24 | Mar 27 – Apr 13 |
| Rhode Island | April 25 | Mar 28 – Apr 14 |
| Connecticut | April 25 | Mar 28 – Apr 14 |
| New York | May 1 | Apr 3 – Apr 20 |
Questions gardeners in Vermont ask
When is the best time to plant onions in Vermont?
Plant onion transplants outdoors in Vermont between April 16 and May 3. That timing is set by Vermont's average last spring frost of May 14.
When should I start onion seeds indoors in Vermont?
Start seeds indoors between February 26 and March 12, about 10 weeks before the last frost, so the seedlings are ready to plant out from April 16.
When will onions planted in Vermont be ready to harvest?
Planted on time, onions are usually ready from about July 22 to August 21, 90-120 days after transplanting.
When is the last frost in Vermont?
On average around May 14, with the first fall frost around September 25 - about 134 frost-free days. Your town may differ by two weeks or more.