Minnesota frost dates
Across Minnesota, the average last spring frost is around May 6 and the average first fall frost around September 28 - roughly 145 frost-free days. USDA zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a.
What these dates mean for planting in Minnesota
Counted from the average frost dates above. For every crop, see the full Minnesota planting calendar.
Frost dates by zone in Minnesota
Minnesota spans USDA zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a. Colder zones - usually higher or further inland - have later spring and earlier fall frosts than the state average.
Frost dates in nearby states
Questions gardeners ask
When is the last frost in Minnesota?
The statewide average last spring frost is around May 6. There is still roughly a one-in-two chance of frost on that date, so for tender plants a safer date is about two weeks later, around May 20.
When is the first frost in Minnesota?
The average first fall frost is around September 28. Frost-tender crops such as tomatoes, peppers, beans and squash should be harvested or covered before then; an early frost two weeks sooner, around September 14, happens in roughly one year in ten.
How long is the growing season in Minnesota?
About 145 frost-free days on average between the last spring frost and the first fall frost. That is a short season, so start warm-season crops indoors and choose quick-maturing varieties.
When can I plant tomatoes outside in Minnesota?
Plant tomato transplants outdoors between May 6 – May 23, once nights stay above about 50°F. Start seeds indoors six to eight weeks earlier.
Is it safe to plant on the average last frost date?
For hardy crops such as peas, spinach, onions and cabbage, yes - they handle a light frost. For tender crops, no: the average date still carries about a 50% chance of a later frost, so wait one to two weeks or keep row cover ready.
→ Turn these into sowing dates with the Minnesota planting calendar, look up an exact ZIP code, or read how frost dates work. Month by month: what to plant in February · what to plant in March · what to plant in April · what to plant in May · what to plant in June · what to plant in July · what to plant in August · what to plant in October · what to plant in November · what to plant in December.
Statewide average from NOAA/NCEI freeze normals. Cautious and gambler dates are about two weeks either side of the average.