When to plant kale in Missouri
Missouri’s average last spring frost is April 15, and the first fall frost typically arrives around October 18 — about 186 frost-free days (USDA zones 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a). Kale needs 50–65 days to mature, which fits comfortably within Missouri's growing season.
When to plant kale in Missouri: the short answer
For a spring planting, plant out Mar 18 – Apr 4, with seeds started indoors Feb 25 – Mar 11. Seeds germinate in soil from 45 to 85°F.
Windows are ~1–2 week bands around each date. Frost dates are a statewide average from NOAA/NCEI normals; your town may differ by two weeks or more. Calendar year 2026.
How to grow kale in Missouri, step by step
- Start seeds indoors (Feb 25 – Mar 11). Sow seeds ½ inch deep in seed-starting mix under bright light. They take 5-10 days to sprout, fastest in soil around 70°F. Harden seedlings off for a week before they go outside.
- Prepare the bed. It needs six or more hours of sun for the best growth, though four to six hours in partial shade is enough and loose soil at least 18 inches deep, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Dig in compost before planting.
- Plant out (Mar 18 – Apr 4). Space plants about 16 inches apart in rows 20 inches apart. It tolerates hard frost, so it is one of the first crops to plant. As a cool-season crop it does best before summer heat arrives in Missouri.
- Water and feed. Give it steady, even moisture, about an inch of water a week from rain or the hose.
- Watch for pests and problems. Pests: cabbage worm, cabbage looper, cabbage aphid, flea beetle, harlequin bug. Diseases and disorders: black rot, clubroot, downy mildew.
- Harvest (from about May 14 – May 29). Kale takes 50-65 days to reach harvest. Flavour turns sweet after a hard frost, so the fall crop is the good one. Pick lower leaves and let the plant keep growing upward.
Figures come from our crop data; dates use Missouri’s average frost dates. More in the full kale growing guide.
Kale planting dates by USDA zone in Missouri
Missouri spans USDA zones 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average, so the kale dates shift with them.
When to plant kale in nearby states
Questions gardeners in Missouri ask
When is the best time to plant kale in Missouri?
Plant kale transplants outdoors in Missouri between March 18 and April 4. That timing is set by Missouri's average last spring frost of April 15.
When should I start kale seeds indoors in Missouri?
Start seeds indoors between February 25 and March 11, about 6 weeks before the last frost, so the seedlings are ready to plant out from March 18.
Can I plant kale in the fall in Missouri?
Yes. For a fall crop, sow between July 23 and August 9, so the crop matures in cool weather before Missouri's first frost around October 18.
When will kale planted in Missouri be ready to harvest?
Planted on time, kale is usually ready from about May 14 to May 29, 50-65 days after planting.
When is the last frost in Missouri?
On average around April 15, with the first fall frost around October 18 - about 186 frost-free days. Your town may differ by two weeks or more.