When to plant kale in Minnesota
Minnesota’s average last spring frost is May 6, and the first fall frost typically arrives around September 28 — about 145 frost-free days (USDA zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a). Kale needs 50–65 days to mature, which fits comfortably within Minnesota's growing season.
When to plant kale in Minnesota: the short answer
For a spring planting, plant out Apr 8 – Apr 25, with seeds started indoors Mar 18 – Apr 1. Seeds germinate in soil from 45 to 85°F.
Windows are ~1–2 week bands around each date. Frost dates are a statewide average from NOAA/NCEI normals; your town may differ by two weeks or more. Calendar year 2026.
How to grow kale in Minnesota, step by step
- Start seeds indoors (Mar 18 – Apr 1). Sow seeds ½ inch deep in seed-starting mix under bright light. They take 5-10 days to sprout, fastest in soil around 70°F. Harden seedlings off for a week before they go outside.
- Prepare the bed. It needs six or more hours of sun for the best growth, though four to six hours in partial shade is enough and loose soil at least 18 inches deep, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Dig in compost before planting.
- Plant out (Apr 8 – Apr 25). Space plants about 16 inches apart in rows 20 inches apart. It tolerates hard frost, so it is one of the first crops to plant. As a cool-season crop it does best before summer heat arrives in Minnesota.
- Water and feed. Give it steady, even moisture, about an inch of water a week from rain or the hose.
- Watch for pests and problems. Pests: cabbage worm, cabbage looper, cabbage aphid, flea beetle, harlequin bug. Diseases and disorders: black rot, clubroot, downy mildew.
- Harvest (from about Jun 4 – Jun 19). Kale takes 50-65 days to reach harvest. Flavour turns sweet after a hard frost, so the fall crop is the good one. Pick lower leaves and let the plant keep growing upward.
Figures come from our crop data; dates use Minnesota’s average frost dates. More in the full kale growing guide.
Kale planting dates by USDA zone in Minnesota
Minnesota spans USDA zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average, so the kale dates shift with them.
When to plant kale in nearby states
Questions gardeners in Minnesota ask
When is the best time to plant kale in Minnesota?
Plant kale transplants outdoors in Minnesota between April 8 and April 25. That timing is set by Minnesota's average last spring frost of May 6.
When should I start kale seeds indoors in Minnesota?
Start seeds indoors between March 18 and April 1, about 6 weeks before the last frost, so the seedlings are ready to plant out from April 8.
Can I plant kale in the fall in Minnesota?
Yes. For a fall crop, sow between July 3 and July 20, so the crop matures in cool weather before Minnesota's first frost around September 28.
When will kale planted in Minnesota be ready to harvest?
Planted on time, kale is usually ready from about June 4 to June 19, 50-65 days after planting.
When is the last frost in Minnesota?
On average around May 6, with the first fall frost around September 28 - about 145 frost-free days. Your town may differ by two weeks or more.