What to plant in September in Alabama
In Alabama (AL), September sits about 7 weeks before the average first fall frost (November 5). The state averages 225 frost-free days a year (last frost March 25, first frost November 5; USDA zones 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a).
28 crops have a sowing or planting window this month, including collard greens, endive & escarole, napa cabbage, parsley, pea, swiss chard - and 18 of those windows close during September.
Dates here come from Alabama frost dates (last frost Mar 25, first frost Nov 5). For one crop in detail, see when to plant pea, swiss chard or beet in Alabama.
Alabama: planting activity through the year
Last chance in September
Collard Greens (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Endive & Escarole (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Napa Cabbage (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Parsley (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Pea (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Swiss Chard (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 3) · Beet (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 10) · Cilantro / Coriander (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 10) · Bok Choy / Pak Choi (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Borage (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Dill (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Fava Bean (Broad Bean) (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Green Onion / Scallion (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Kohlrabi (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Lettuce (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Mache (Corn Salad) (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Mizuna (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17) · Rapini (Broccoli Raab) (sow for a fall crop, by Sep 17)
For fall and winter harvests (26)
Sowings counted back from Alabama's first fall frost, so the crop matures before the cold - or, for garlic and similar, planted after it.
| Crop | What to do | Window | This month |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collard Greens | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Endive & Escarole | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Napa Cabbage | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Parsley | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Pea | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Swiss Chard | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 17 – Sep 3 | Last chance - ends Sep 3 |
| Beet | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 24 – Sep 10 | Last chance - ends Sep 10 |
| Cilantro / Coriander | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 24 – Sep 10 | Last chance - ends Sep 10 |
| Bok Choy / Pak Choi | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Borage | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Dill | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Fava Bean (Broad Bean) | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Green Onion / Scallion | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Kohlrabi | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Lettuce | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Mache (Corn Salad) | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Mizuna | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Rapini (Broccoli Raab) | Sow for a fall crop | Aug 31 – Sep 17 | Last chance - ends Sep 17 |
| Chervil | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 7 – Sep 24 |
| Mustard Greens | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 7 – Sep 24 |
| Spinach | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 7 – Sep 24 |
| Tatsoi | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 7 – Sep 24 |
| Turnip | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 7 – Sep 24 | Sep 7 – Sep 24 |
| Arugula | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 14 – Oct 1 | Opens Sep 14 |
| Watercress | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 14 – Oct 1 | Opens Sep 14 |
| Radish | Sow for a fall crop | Sep 21 – Oct 8 | Opens Sep 21 |
Keep sowing (succession)
Repeat sowings of crops already in the ground, for a steady harvest instead of a glut.
Harvesting in September
First harvests expected this month from crops sown or planted on time earlier in the season.
Planting dates for popular crops in Alabama
Every crop has its own full-year dates for Alabama: indoor start, transplant or direct sowing, and harvest.
Spring bulbs to plant in September in Alabama
Tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and crocus are planted in fall, once the soil has cooled and before it freezes. The exact window depends on the state, so our bulb guide quotes what each extension service says.
Fall garden season: September garden jobs in Alabama
- The average first frost is November 5, about 7 weeks away. Pick tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash, beans) before it, or cover them on cold nights.
- Still time to sow or plant: collard greens, endive & escarole, napa cabbage, parsley, pea, swiss chard. Fast greens and radishes are the safest bets this late.
- Row cover buys 4-6°F of frost protection and weeks of extra harvest - see season extension.
- Pull finished crops and sow a cover crop (cereal rye or crimson clover) into empty beds before the soil gets cold.
USDA zone chart for Alabama
Alabama spans USDA zones 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average.
Questions gardeners ask
What vegetables can I plant in Alabama in September?
28 crops have a window in September: collard greens, endive & escarole, napa cabbage, parsley, pea, swiss chard, beet, cilantro / coriander, bok choy / pak choi, borage and more. The tables above give the exact dates for each.
Is it too late to plant garlic in Alabama in September?
Not too late - it's actually a little early. In Alabama the next garlic window opens around November 16: plant in fall, after first frost.
Is it too late to plant tomatoes in Alabama in September?
For this year, yes - the tomato windows in Alabama have closed. The next step is to start seeds indoors from about January 28.
When is the first frost in Alabama?
The statewide average first fall frost is around November 5 and the last spring frost around March 25. Your town can be a week or two either side - look yours up by ZIP code.
What can I harvest in Alabama in September?
From plantings made on time: luffa (loofah gourd), chayote, zucchini / summer squash, cucumber, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, bush bean, kale, lettuce.
What to plant in September in other states
Dates are computed from Alabama’s statewide average frost dates (from NOAA/NCEI climate normals) and each crop’s timing in our crop database. Your garden may be a week or two either side - for dates tuned to your ZIP code, use the planting calendar.