What to plant in April in New Jersey
In New Jersey (NJ), April sits about 1 week before the average last frost (April 20). The state averages 178 frost-free days a year (last frost April 20, first frost October 15; USDA zones 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b).
86 crops have a sowing or planting window this month, including green onion / scallion, arugula, beet, fava bean (broad bean), mizuna, onion - and 49 of those windows close during April.
Dates here come from New Jersey frost dates (last frost Apr 20, first frost Oct 15). For one crop in detail, see when to plant arugula, beet or onion in New Jersey.
New Jersey: planting activity through the year
Last chance in April
Cantaloupe / Muskmelon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Cucumber (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Pumpkin (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Sunflower (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Watermelon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Winter Squash (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Zucchini / Summer Squash (start seeds indoors, by Apr 6) · Green Onion / Scallion (transplant outdoors, by Apr 2) · Arugula (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Beet (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Fava Bean (Broad Bean) (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Green Onion / Scallion (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Mizuna (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Onion (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Radish (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Shallot (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Tatsoi (direct sow (spring), by Apr 6) · Cabbage (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Collard Greens (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Horseradish (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 9) · Kale (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Kohlrabi (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Onion (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Rhubarb (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 9) · Shallot (transplant outdoors, by Apr 9) · Carrot (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Chervil (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Endive & Escarole (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Kohlrabi (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Lettuce (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Mustard Greens (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Rapini (Broccoli Raab) (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Turnip (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Watercress (direct sow (spring), by Apr 13) · Asparagus (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 16) · Bok Choy / Pak Choi (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Broccoli (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Brussels Sprouts (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Cauliflower (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Chives (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 16) · Endive & Escarole (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Leek (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Lettuce (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Napa Cabbage (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Parsley (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Radicchio (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Sorrel (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 16) · Swiss Chard (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16) · Watercress (transplant outdoors, by Apr 16)
Sow or plant outdoors in April (118)
Direct sowing and transplanting windows that fall in April, most urgent first. Windows are one-to-two-week bands around the ideal date.
| Crop | What to do | Window | This month |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green Onion / Scallion | Transplant outdoors | Mar 16 – Apr 2 | Last chance - ends Apr 2 |
| Arugula | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Beet | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Fava Bean (Broad Bean) | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Green Onion / Scallion | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Mizuna | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Onion | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Radish | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Shallot | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Tatsoi | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 18 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Cabbage | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Collard Greens | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Horseradish | Plant crowns / divisions | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Kale | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Kohlrabi | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Onion | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Rhubarb | Plant crowns / divisions | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Shallot | Transplant outdoors | Mar 23 – Apr 9 | Last chance - ends Apr 9 |
| Carrot | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Chervil | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Endive & Escarole | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Kohlrabi | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Lettuce | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Mustard Greens | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Rapini (Broccoli Raab) | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Turnip | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Watercress | Direct sow (spring) | Mar 25 – Apr 13 | Last chance - ends Apr 13 |
| Asparagus | Plant crowns / divisions | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Bok Choy / Pak Choi | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Broccoli | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Brussels Sprouts | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Cauliflower | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Chives | Plant crowns / divisions | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Endive & Escarole | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Leek | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Lettuce | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Napa Cabbage | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Parsley | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Radicchio | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Sorrel | Plant crowns / divisions | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Swiss Chard | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Watercress | Transplant outdoors | Mar 30 – Apr 16 | Last chance - ends Apr 16 |
| Bok Choy / Pak Choi | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Borage | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Cilantro / Coriander | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Collard Greens | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Kale | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Leek | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Napa Cabbage | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Parsley | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Potato | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Radicchio | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Salsify | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 1 – Apr 20 | Apr 1 – Apr 20 |
| Fennel (Bulb) | Transplant outdoors | Apr 6 – Apr 23 | Apr 6 – Apr 23 |
| Globe Artichoke | Plant crowns / divisions | Apr 6 – Apr 23 | Apr 6 – Apr 23 |
| Lemon Balm | Transplant outdoors | Apr 6 – Apr 23 | Apr 6 – Apr 23 |
| Mint | Transplant outdoors | Apr 6 – Apr 23 | Apr 6 – Apr 23 |
| Tarragon | Transplant outdoors | Apr 6 – Apr 23 | Apr 6 – Apr 23 |
| Fennel (Bulb) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 8 – Apr 27 | Apr 8 – Apr 27 |
| Lemon Balm | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 8 – Apr 27 | Apr 8 – Apr 27 |
| Parsnip | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 8 – Apr 27 | Apr 8 – Apr 27 |
| Swiss Chard | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 8 – Apr 27 | Apr 8 – Apr 27 |
| Celeriac | Transplant outdoors | Apr 13 – Apr 30 | Apr 13 – Apr 30 |
| Celery | Transplant outdoors | Apr 13 – Apr 30 | Apr 13 – Apr 30 |
| Oregano | Transplant outdoors | Apr 13 – Apr 30 | Apr 13 – Apr 30 |
| Sage | Transplant outdoors | Apr 13 – Apr 30 | Apr 13 – Apr 30 |
| Thyme | Transplant outdoors | Apr 13 – Apr 30 | Apr 13 – Apr 30 |
| Dill | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 15 – May 4 | Opens Apr 15 |
| Sunflower | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 15 – May 4 | Opens Apr 15 |
| Ground Cherry | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Peanut | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Pumpkin | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Rosemary | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Shiso (Perilla) | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Summer Savory | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Sunflower | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Sweet Marjoram | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Tomatillo | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Tomato | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Winter Squash | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Transplant outdoors | Apr 20 – May 7 | Opens Apr 20 |
| Amaranth (Leaf) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Bush Bean | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Edamame (Soybean) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| New Zealand Spinach | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Pole Bean | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Pumpkin | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Shiso (Perilla) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Summer Savory | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Sweet Corn | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Sweet Marjoram | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Winter Squash | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 22 – May 11 | Opens Apr 22 |
| Basil | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Bell Pepper | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Bitter Melon | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Chili Pepper | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Cucamelon | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Cucumber | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Luffa (Loofah Gourd) | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Malabar Spinach | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Okra | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Watermelon | Transplant outdoors | Apr 27 – May 14 | Opens Apr 27 |
| Basil | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Bitter Melon | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Chayote | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Cucamelon | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Cucumber | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Lima Bean | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Luffa (Loofah Gourd) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Malabar Spinach | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Okra | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Peanut | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Southern Pea (Cowpea) | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
| Watermelon | Direct sow (spring) | Apr 29 – May 18 | Opens Apr 29 |
Start seeds indoors in April (7)
Indoor sowings for transplants later. Six to eight weeks under lights is typical for tomatoes and peppers; onions and leeks need longer.
| Crop | What to do | Window | This month |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Cucumber | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Pumpkin | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Sunflower | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Watermelon | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Winter Squash | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Start seeds indoors | Mar 23 – Apr 6 | Last chance - ends Apr 6 |
Keep sowing (succession)
Repeat sowings of crops already in the ground, for a steady harvest instead of a glut.
- Pea: sow again on Apr 9 and Apr 21
- Spinach: sow again on Apr 9 and Apr 21
- Mache (Corn Salad): sow again on Apr 13 and Apr 27
Harvesting in April
First harvests expected this month from crops sown or planted on time earlier in the season.
Planting dates for popular crops in New Jersey
Every crop has its own full-year dates for New Jersey: indoor start, transplant or direct sowing, and harvest.
Last-frost month: April garden jobs in New Jersey
- The average last frost is April 20. Hardy crops can go out now - green onion / scallion, arugula, beet, fava bean (broad bean) - but hold tender ones like tomatoes, peppers and squash until after that date.
- Start hardening off indoor seedlings 7-10 days before they go out: a few hours of outdoor shade first, building up to full sun and nights outside.
- Keep row cover or old sheets handy and watch the 10-day forecast - a clear, still night after a warm spell is the classic late-frost setup.
- Soil temperature matters as much as the calendar: most warm-season seed rots below about 60°F. Check the frost dates guide for how the New Jersey average is worked out.
USDA zone chart for New Jersey
New Jersey spans USDA zones 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average.
Questions gardeners ask
What vegetables can I plant in New Jersey in April?
86 crops have a window in April: green onion / scallion, arugula, beet, fava bean (broad bean), mizuna, onion, radish, shallot, tatsoi, cabbage and more. The tables above give the exact dates for each.
Is it too late to plant tomatoes in New Jersey in April?
No - transplant outdoors runs Apr 20 – May 7 in New Jersey.
Is it too late to plant lettuce in New Jersey in April?
No - direct sow (spring) runs Mar 25 – Apr 13 in New Jersey, so do it before April 13.
When is the first frost in New Jersey?
The statewide average first fall frost is around October 15 and the last spring frost around April 20. Your town can be a week or two either side - look yours up by ZIP code.
What should I start indoors in April in New Jersey?
Cantaloupe / Muskmelon (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Cucumber (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Pumpkin (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Sunflower (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Watermelon (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Winter Squash (Mar 23 – Apr 6), Zucchini / Summer Squash (Mar 23 – Apr 6).
What to plant in April in other states
Dates are computed from New Jersey’s statewide average frost dates (from NOAA/NCEI climate normals) and each crop’s timing in our crop database. Your garden may be a week or two either side - for dates tuned to your ZIP code, use the planting calendar.