What to plant in April in Ohio

In Ohio (OH), April sits about 1 week before the average last frost (April 25). The state averages 172 frost-free days a year (last frost April 25, first frost October 14; USDA zones 5b, 6a, 6b).

78 crops have a sowing or planting window this month, including mache (corn salad), pea, spinach, green onion / scallion, arugula, beet - and 48 of those windows close during April.

Dates here come from Ohio frost dates (last frost Apr 25, first frost Oct 14). For one crop in detail, see when to plant pea, spinach or arugula in Ohio.

Last-frost monthSow or plant: 78Start indoors: 18Harvesting: 3

Ohio: planting activity through the year

1
24
65
78
66
11
24
34
8
2
2
0
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Frost riskFrost-free: Apr 25 – Oct 14
Bars count the vegetables, herbs and fruit with a sowing or planting window in each month, from the state’s average frost dates. 78 have one in April - the busiest month of the year.

Last chance in April

Bitter Melon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Bok Choy / Pak Choi (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Cucamelon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Fennel (Bulb) (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Lettuce (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Luffa (Loofah Gourd) (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Napa Cabbage (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · New Zealand Spinach (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Peanut (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Swiss Chard (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Watercress (start seeds indoors, by Apr 4) · Cantaloupe / Muskmelon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Cucumber (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Pumpkin (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Sunflower (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Watermelon (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Winter Squash (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Zucchini / Summer Squash (start seeds indoors, by Apr 11) · Mache (Corn Salad) (direct sow (spring), by Apr 4) · Pea (direct sow (spring), by Apr 4) · Spinach (direct sow (spring), by Apr 4) · Green Onion / Scallion (transplant outdoors, by Apr 7) · Arugula (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Beet (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Fava Bean (Broad Bean) (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Green Onion / Scallion (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Mizuna (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Onion (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Radish (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Shallot (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Tatsoi (direct sow (spring), by Apr 11) · Cabbage (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Collard Greens (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Horseradish (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 14) · Kale (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Kohlrabi (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Onion (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Rhubarb (plant crowns / divisions, by Apr 14) · Shallot (transplant outdoors, by Apr 14) · Carrot (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Chervil (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Endive & Escarole (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Kohlrabi (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Lettuce (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Mustard Greens (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Rapini (Broccoli Raab) (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Turnip (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18) · Watercress (direct sow (spring), by Apr 18)

Sow or plant outdoors in April (97)

Direct sowing and transplanting windows that fall in April, most urgent first. Windows are one-to-two-week bands around the ideal date.

CropWhat to doWindowThis month
Mache (Corn Salad)Direct sow (spring)Mar 16 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
PeaDirect sow (spring)Mar 16 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
SpinachDirect sow (spring)Mar 16 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Green Onion / ScallionTransplant outdoorsMar 21 – Apr 7Last chance - ends Apr 7
ArugulaDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
BeetDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)Direct sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
Green Onion / ScallionDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
MizunaDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
OnionDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
RadishDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
ShallotDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
TatsoiDirect sow (spring)Mar 23 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
CabbageTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
Collard GreensTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
HorseradishPlant crowns / divisionsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
KaleTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
KohlrabiTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
OnionTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
RhubarbPlant crowns / divisionsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
ShallotTransplant outdoorsMar 28 – Apr 14Last chance - ends Apr 14
CarrotDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
ChervilDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
Endive & EscaroleDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
KohlrabiDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
LettuceDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
Mustard GreensDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
Rapini (Broccoli Raab)Direct sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
TurnipDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
WatercressDirect sow (spring)Mar 30 – Apr 18Last chance - ends Apr 18
AsparagusPlant crowns / divisionsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Bok Choy / Pak ChoiTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
BroccoliTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Brussels SproutsTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
CauliflowerTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
ChivesPlant crowns / divisionsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Endive & EscaroleTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
LeekTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
LettuceTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Napa CabbageTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
ParsleyTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
RadicchioTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
SorrelPlant crowns / divisionsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Swiss ChardTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
WatercressTransplant outdoorsApr 4 – Apr 21Apr 4 – Apr 21
Bok Choy / Pak ChoiDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
BorageDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
Cilantro / CorianderDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
Collard GreensDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
KaleDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
LeekDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
Napa CabbageDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
ParsleyDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
PotatoDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
RadicchioDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
SalsifyDirect sow (spring)Apr 6 – Apr 25Apr 6 – Apr 25
Fennel (Bulb)Transplant outdoorsApr 11 – Apr 28Apr 11 – Apr 28
Globe ArtichokePlant crowns / divisionsApr 11 – Apr 28Apr 11 – Apr 28
Lemon BalmTransplant outdoorsApr 11 – Apr 28Apr 11 – Apr 28
MintTransplant outdoorsApr 11 – Apr 28Apr 11 – Apr 28
TarragonTransplant outdoorsApr 11 – Apr 28Apr 11 – Apr 28
Fennel (Bulb)Direct sow (spring)Apr 13 – May 2Opens Apr 13
Lemon BalmDirect sow (spring)Apr 13 – May 2Opens Apr 13
ParsnipDirect sow (spring)Apr 13 – May 2Opens Apr 13
Swiss ChardDirect sow (spring)Apr 13 – May 2Opens Apr 13
CeleriacTransplant outdoorsApr 18 – May 5Opens Apr 18
CeleryTransplant outdoorsApr 18 – May 5Opens Apr 18
OreganoTransplant outdoorsApr 18 – May 5Opens Apr 18
SageTransplant outdoorsApr 18 – May 5Opens Apr 18
ThymeTransplant outdoorsApr 18 – May 5Opens Apr 18
DillDirect sow (spring)Apr 20 – May 9Opens Apr 20
SunflowerDirect sow (spring)Apr 20 – May 9Opens Apr 20
Ground CherryTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
New Zealand SpinachTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
PeanutTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
PumpkinTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
RosemaryTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Shiso (Perilla)Transplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Summer SavoryTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
SunflowerTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Sweet MarjoramTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
TomatilloTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
TomatoTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Winter SquashTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Zucchini / Summer SquashTransplant outdoorsApr 25 – May 12Opens Apr 25
Amaranth (Leaf)Direct sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Bush BeanDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Edamame (Soybean)Direct sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
New Zealand SpinachDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Pole BeanDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
PumpkinDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Shiso (Perilla)Direct sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Summer SavoryDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Sweet CornDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Sweet MarjoramDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Winter SquashDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27
Zucchini / Summer SquashDirect sow (spring)Apr 27 – May 16Opens Apr 27

Start seeds indoors in April (18)

Indoor sowings for transplants later. Six to eight weeks under lights is typical for tomatoes and peppers; onions and leeks need longer.

CropWhat to doWindowThis month
Bitter MelonStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Bok Choy / Pak ChoiStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
CucamelonStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Fennel (Bulb)Start seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
LettuceStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Luffa (Loofah Gourd)Start seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Napa CabbageStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
New Zealand SpinachStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
PeanutStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Swiss ChardStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
WatercressStart seeds indoorsMar 21 – Apr 4Last chance - ends Apr 4
Cantaloupe / MuskmelonStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
CucumberStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
PumpkinStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
SunflowerStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
WatermelonStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
Winter SquashStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11
Zucchini / Summer SquashStart seeds indoorsMar 28 – Apr 11Last chance - ends Apr 11

Harvesting in April

First harvests expected this month from crops sown or planted on time earlier in the season.

Radish · Apr 19 – Apr 27Spinach · Apr 27 – May 5Arugula · Apr 27 – May 7

Planting dates for popular crops in Ohio

Every crop has its own full-year dates for Ohio: indoor start, transplant or direct sowing, and harvest.

When to plant pea in Ohio →When to plant spinach in Ohio →When to plant arugula in Ohio →When to plant beet in Ohio →When to plant onion in Ohio →When to plant radish in Ohio →When to plant cabbage in Ohio →When to plant kale in Ohio →Ohio frost dates by zone →

Last-frost month: April garden jobs in Ohio

  1. The average last frost is April 25. Hardy crops can go out now - mache (corn salad), pea, spinach, green onion / scallion - but hold tender ones like tomatoes, peppers and squash until after that date.
  2. Start hardening off indoor seedlings 7-10 days before they go out: a few hours of outdoor shade first, building up to full sun and nights outside.
  3. Keep row cover or old sheets handy and watch the 10-day forecast - a clear, still night after a warm spell is the classic late-frost setup.
  4. Soil temperature matters as much as the calendar: most warm-season seed rots below about 60°F. Check the frost dates guide for how the Ohio average is worked out.

USDA zone chart for Ohio

Ohio spans USDA zones 5b, 6a, 6b. Colder zones, usually higher or further inland, have a later last spring frost and an earlier first fall frost than the state average.

ZoneLast frostFirst frostSeason
Zone 5Apr 30Oct 5160 days
Zone 6Apr 15Oct 15185 days

Questions gardeners ask

What vegetables can I plant in Ohio in April?

78 crops have a window in April: mache (corn salad), pea, spinach, green onion / scallion, arugula, beet, fava bean (broad bean), mizuna, onion, radish and more. The tables above give the exact dates for each.

Is it too late to plant tomatoes in Ohio in April?

No - transplant outdoors runs Apr 25 – May 12 in Ohio.

Is it too late to plant lettuce in Ohio in April?

No - start seeds indoors runs Mar 21 – Apr 4 in Ohio, so do it before April 4.

When is the first frost in Ohio?

The statewide average first fall frost is around October 14 and the last spring frost around April 25. Your town can be a week or two either side - look yours up by ZIP code.

What should I start indoors in April in Ohio?

Bitter Melon (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Bok Choy / Pak Choi (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Cucamelon (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Fennel (Bulb) (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Lettuce (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Luffa (Loofah Gourd) (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Napa Cabbage (Mar 21 – Apr 4), New Zealand Spinach (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Peanut (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Swiss Chard (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Watercress (Mar 21 – Apr 4), Cantaloupe / Muskmelon (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Cucumber (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Pumpkin (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Sunflower (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Watermelon (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Winter Squash (Mar 28 – Apr 11), Zucchini / Summer Squash (Mar 28 – Apr 11).

← March in OhioMay in Ohio →Full-year Ohio planting calendar →Ohio frost dates →

What to plant in April in other states

IllinoisIndianaIowaMichiganMinnesotaMissouriWisconsinAlabamaAll states →

Dates are computed from Ohio’s statewide average frost dates (from NOAA/NCEI climate normals) and each crop’s timing in our crop database. Your garden may be a week or two either side - for dates tuned to your ZIP code, use the planting calendar.